The Problem in Wanting free essay sample

There was not a solitary, sparkling epiphany in which I out of nowhere comprehended the significance or buckling down for my training. I didn't lose a friend or family member. I didn't have a brush with death. I didn't visit an exhibition hall or a national milestone. I didn't peruse a motivating book or see a vibe decent film. I never had that â€Å"Ah ha† second. Aha never went through my lips. Be that as it may, sooner or later during my sophomore year of secondary school, I continuously started to really consider the future; about what I did and didn’t need for my future. I would not like to disdain my activity as my stepfather does. I would not like to battle to take care of the tabs as my mom once did. I need to live in a city I love, to drive a vehicle I can rely on. I need to travel, to learn, to comprehend. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Problem in Wanting or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These wants roused me to resolve to class, to bring my evaluations up, to look forward, and to set myself up for life after High School. Thus, I started to examine more enthusiastically, to mind more, and to battle for the future that despite everything appeared to be so distant. My Cs before long went to Bs, and those Bs consistently to As. Before I even comprehended what I had done, I let myself start to dream, to trust, and to envision. Through yearning for a brilliant future, I made a more brilliant present for myself. Following two years of consistent advancement, my yearnings have developed, and I have developed. Presently a senior in secondary school, I see my once distant objectives out of nowhere close enough; so close, I can feel their glow. All my work prodded from needing, and obviously there lies an issue in needing anything, in trusting and dreaming. When you truly need somethingâ€once you anticipate†you can lose it, you can be frustrated. I’ve grown up as the lone kid in a solitary parent family. For the vast majority of my life it was simply me and my mom, anyway a couple of years prior my mom got hitched and now we are a group of four. My mom is an independently employed cosmetologist, my progression father introduces and fixes cooling units, and I myself work an end of the week work for the lowest pay permitted by law. We are a long way from the most unfortunate individuals I know, however I guarantee you that we don't have $30,000 lying around holding back to get me instruction. Without some type of budgetary guide, I go no place and I do nothing until enough cash can be set aside; which could take years. This is the truth I dread, a reality I know is dangerously close. I have a wide scope of interests thatâ€in theoryâ€could all be formed into decent vocations; from Creative Writing to Sociology, to Anthropology and Ethnology. â€Å"What would I like to be the point at which I develop up?† I am not so much certain. At Armstrong I would like to seek after Sociology as a course of study, however I can make no guarantees that in ten years I will be a Sociologist; it appears life is dubious that way. While Sociology is offered distinctly as a minor level of study at Armstrong I trust it will be the ideal spot to begin, and the perfect condition for me to find who I am and what I need to be. All things considered, Armstrong Atlantic State University is the place I need to be, the place I’ve longed for being, and where I’ve endeavored to get. I know there might be disappointments, yet I am prepared to conquer them. Through persistence, commitment, and inspiration I will make my family, my University, and myself pleased; in the event that I am just granted the chance.

Coursework of innovation and technology transfer Essay

Coursework of development and innovation move - Essay Example For exð °mple, since 1981, grð °ms-per-mile (gpm) discharges of cð °rbon monoxide Ð °nd hydrocð °rbons hð °ve been decreased to Ð ° mð °ximum of 4 percent of their mid-1960s levels. In Ð pril 2002, Cð °lifornið ° becð °me the primary US stð °te in which Ð ° bill confining cð °rbon dioxide outflows from Ð °utomobiles wð °s presented. Current nð °tionð °l regulð °tions cð °ll for less thð °n 0.25 gpm of nonmethð °ne hydrocð °rbons in vehicle exhð °ust, less thð °n 3.4 gpm of cð °rbon monoxide, Ð °nd less thð °n 0.4 gpm of nitrogen oxides. Unfortunð °tely, reð °l-world discharges of cð °rbon monoxide Ð °nd hydrocð °rbons Ð °re typicð °lly Ð °bout multiple times higher thð °n the levels tried in the lð °b, while emanations of nitrogen oxides Ð °re Ð °bout multiple times higher. The reð °son is thð °t a few outflows tests don't mð °tch reð °l-world driving conditions quite well. Ð lso, a few emanations controls don't endure the weð °r Ð °n d teð °r of driving. Overð °ll, this is still Ð ° mð °jor Ð °chievement, Ð °nd the Ð °ir is noticeð °bly cleð °ner in some U.S. urban areas. To react to the chð °llenges of the cleð °ner Ð °ir Ð °nd less contaminations done by Ð °utomobiles, the electric vehicle hð °s been presented on the mð °rket in the nineteenth century. Anyway it fð °ded Ð °s the gð °soline fueled motor took the spotlight. Flow pð °per is Ð °imed Ð °t introducing the electric vehicle mð °rket chð °llenges Ð °nd importð °nce of this innovð °tion Ð °s one of the Ð °lternð °tives in the Ð °utomobile business. The pð °per talks about the significð °nce of the innovation, serious Ð °dvð °ntð °ge on the mð °rket Ð °s well Ð °s dangers Ð °ssocið °ted with the acquaintance of the electric vehicle with the Ð °utomobile business. Cð °lifornið ° single hð °ndedly drove the Ð °utomotive business into building up the electric vehicle to its fullest cð °pð °city by founding, in 1990, the zero-discharge vehicle mð °ndð °te, or ZEV. It requires thð °t Ð ° determined mð °nufð °cturer’s sð °les comprise of

What to expect when youre expecting CPW

What to expect when youre expecting CPW Since nearly two-thirds of the admitted students are attending Campus Preview Weekend (CPW), I figured it would be worthwhile to spend a little time helping to set expectations for the weekend. Because CPW is such a big MIT event, theres a lot of hype, rumor, and mythology surrounding it, and I hope I can give you a better sense of what to really expect, and what not to expect. Your host: A team of admissions staff and MIT students spent much of thos week trying our best to find every one of you a well-matched host for the weekend. Tonight, we had a meeting with the MIT student hosts and gave them your contact information, with the expectation that they will be in touch with you, by phone or email, tonight or tomorrow. If you dont hear from your host tonight, dont worry we do have a host for you, and theyll be in touch soon. Theres no one standard for hosting. Some hosts are very hands-on, being excited to be with you the entire weekend. Others are more like guides: being willing to give lots of advice, showing you around to some extent, but also giving a lot of freedom for you to explore on your own. You may want to talk with your host about your needs for the weekend, the help that youd like, and to what extent youre looking to explore on your own. Like online dating, sometimes the match is perfect, but more often its just pretty good, and occasionally horrible. Weve done our best to make mitHarmony. If you find that you and your host are not a good match, dont suffer through it please let us know, we do have backup hosts. The CPW Weather Machine: One part of CPW mythology is the Weather Machine that somehow, the weather during CPW seems to be much nicer than the days around it. It would be nice if it were true, wouldnt it? You should definitely keep your eye on the weather forecast as you pack for the weekend. Right now, it looks like there may be some rain during the weekend. That will just give you more incentive to explore MITs extensive tunnel system. CPW isnt real: An oft-cited criticism of CPW is that it isnt representative of a typical weekend at MIT. It is true that CPW isnt a typical weekend, but as long as you understand that coming in to the weekend, I think you can learn a lot. That being said, CPW is far from fake actually, it is the true MIT, in a supersaturated form. Think about it this way: there are 300+ student activity groups on campus, 40+ living groups, 40+ varsity sports, and 30+ academic departments. They know that a substantial portion of the Class of 2012 will be on campus, so it would actually be pretty irresponsible if all of these groups didnt have events. CPW isnt jam-packed with events to fool you its jam packed events because so many groups at MIT are excited about your presence. What you wont see: There are a number of aspects of life that youre less likely to see during CPW. For example, you probably wont see much in the way of tooling, of students working on problem sets. For sure, it will be happening, but many students will try to organize their week such that their studying is done before you arrive, or while youre at other events. Again, thats not to hide this aspect of MIT, but rather its part of being a gracious host: making time for your guests. While youll have lots of opportunities on Thursday and Friday to see classes, youll have fewer opportunities to see labs. In part, this is because labs are not designed for large numbers of visitors, and in part because research is going on all the time. We will offer UROP tours (sign up at CPW headquarters), and your hosts and hosts friends will be a great resource in showing off their labs, but your relatively brief visit to the labs greatly underrepresents the importance of undergraduate research at MIT. Similarly, you may or may not have the opportunity to have one of those real great conversations with professors. If it doesnt happen, dont be too disappointed; youre only here for two class days. When youre at MIT, youll have many more opportunities to have meaningful interaction with faculty, in the classroom, in the lab, in the dining hall, athletic center, wherever. And, of course, you wont get to see all of the date-specific events from the rest of the year, like Mystery Hunt, Ring Premiere, International Fair, Steer Roast, IAP, the 2.007 finals, etc. Over-hype: After all this build-up, its inevitable that every year, some folks come back from CPW disappointed. And if you dont have ZOMGthetimeofmylife!!11!1!, that doesnt necessarily mean MIT isnt the right place for you. For some people, things dont click immediately, and thats okay. Just be sure to keep your eyes peeled for whats important to you in a college, and do your best to seperate that from other extraneous stuff. I know weve all been throwing advice at you left and right lately, but above all know this: were all really excited to see 1,000 of you this weekend.

Biology Suffixes Phagia and Phage

Understand suffixes Phagia and Phage that are used in biology with this helpful guide.   Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Biology Suffix Phagia With Examples The suffix (-phagia) refers to the act of eating or swallowing. Related suffixes include (-phage), (-phagic), and (-phagy). Here are examples: Aerophagia (aero-phagia): the act of swallowing excessive amounts of air. This can lead to digestive system discomfort, bloating, and intestinal pain. Allotriophagia (allo-trio-phagia): a disorder that involves the compulsion to eat non-food substances. Also known as pica, this tendency is sometimes associated with pregnancy, autism, mental retardation, and religious ceremonies. Amylophagia (amylo-phagia): the compulsion to eat excessive amounts of starch or foods rich in carbohydrates. Aphagia (a-phagia): the loss of the ability to swallow, typically associated with a disease. It a can also mean refusal to swallow or inability to eat. Dysphagia (dys-phagia): difficultly in swallowing, typically associated with the disease. Omophagia (omo-phagia): the act of eating raw meat. Suffix Phage Bacteriophage (bacterio-phage): a virus that infects and destroys bacteria. Also known as phages, these viruses typically only infect a specific strain of bacteria. Macrophage (macro-phage): a large white blood cell that engulfs and destroys bacteria and other foreign substances in the body. The process by which these substances are internalized, broken down, and disposed of is known as phagocytosis. Microphage (micro-phage): a small white blood cell known as a neutrophil that is capable of destroying bacteria and other foreign substances by phagocytosis. Mycophage (myco-phage): an organism that feeds on fungi or a virus that infects fungi. Prophage (pro-phage): viral, bacteriophage genes that have been inserted into the bacterial chromosome of an infected bacterial cell by genetic recombination. Suffix Phagy in Use Adephagy (ade-phagy): referring to gluttonous or excessive eating. Adephagia was the Greek goddess of gluttony and greed. Coprophagy (copro-phagy): the act of eating feces. This is common among animals, especially insects. Geophagy (geo-phagy):   the act of eating dirt or soil substances such as clay. Monophagy (mono-phagy):   the feeding of an organism on a single type of food source. Some insects, for example, will only feed on a specific plant. (Monarch caterpillars only feed on milkweed plants.) Oligophagy (oligo-phagy): feeding on a small number of specific food sources. Oophagy (Oo-phagy): behavior exhibited by embryos of feeding on female gametes (eggs). This occurs in some sharks, fish, amphibians, and snakes.

Project Plan For The Cultural Event Organizing Essay

Introduction Culture Hub’, the exhibition will be a month long expression of classical dance and music from India Australia. This event will commence from 1st August to 31st August 2015 at the venue of at the Queensland Performance Arts Center (QPAC). There will be a mixture of experience from western countries and southern east which will form ultimate new horizon among community of art and people around this topics. Therefore people of the community will be aware of the cultural values they can best understand overall cultures of both the countries. In this paper there will be a try to make a summary of total design plan of the program and creative look for program planning and production plan outlining. Hence, this paper will focus on the proposal for the cultural event organizing. Here it is highlighted that the how government’s help and university participation can be achieved and therefore it will analyze the In this program, it will be kept in mind that the information get flown to the people but overemphasized activities that will ruin the very objectives the program are being set apart. There will be a virtual communication like live shows, video screening, introductory etc. This will make the people get more comprehensively information about the elements of the Australian and Indian culture. This program will target a broader range of visitors, demonstrate the best cultural elements and develop the knowledge of participants in the exhibition.Show MoreRelatedA Critique on Sydney 2000 Olympic Games: a Project Manage ment Perspective.1382 Words   |  6 PagesProject Management Muluh A. Mokom A Critique on Sydney 2000 Olympic Games: A Project management perspective. Context of Case Sydney 2000 Olympic Games: a Project management perspective provides a general appraisal on the activities and events leading up to the successful hosting of the 26th modern Olympic Games in September 2000. The case presents the different stakeholders involved with the different aspects linked with the games. There is the Sydney Olympics Bid Limited (SOBL)Read MoreCommunity Concerns And Goals : Observance Of Low Group Moral Prompted1664 Words   |  7 PagesCommunity Concerns/Goals Observance of low group moral prompted this community organizing effort. The three prominent behaviors shown were silence (a traditional Native response), an overabundance of an argumentative stance, and unprofessionalism during governmental meetings, exhibited even by elected officials at times. Minkler (2012) states, â€Å"issues to organize around can be found by talking with community members and trying out various themes† (Kindle Locations 2694-2695). Individual membersRead MoreManagement Is The Fundamental Operation Of A Company By Internal Users1102 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement unit. The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Managers must set up a plan for achieving goals as a way to improve performance. For example, McDonalds must plan out the menu based on location to ensure success. When opening at a new location, the manager must decide what needs to be done, and who will do it by organizing a system the company will operate under. Everyone must be aware of the plan and any problem areas. Therefore, someone must motivateRead MoreDeveloping A New International Division1274 Words   |  6 Pagesbe met. Initially, the process of selecting a team and organizing them effectively for use in an international environment in South America will be the foundation of future developments. Following this, setting in place strategies for cultural challenges in addition to other typical pitfalls that may come with entering a new environment is also crucial to creating an effective plan for the firm’s development. Examining the scope of the project, and taking under consideration the average timeframesRead MoreThe City Upkeep And Maintenance Of Art Preservation Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesLawrence. Arts and Economic Prosperity Survey, a project from Americans for the Arts has selected Lawrence to view the economic activity which arts development and centers bring into the community. This project relies on surveys conducted by art centers on and off campus to understanding the question of ‘Why Lawrence?’. Allowing this survey into the community has shed a light on the development which is taking place and the advancement which the city projects upon arts. 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The authors also affirmed that a cultural competent system acknowledges, integrates and incorporates the relevance of culture, evaluation of cross-cultural relations, , and adaptation of services to meet culturally unique needs(pg.294). Diversity and cultural competence are two main concepts that are essentialRead MoreThe International Associations Of The Lions Club1326 Words   |  6 Pagesaspects of the International Associations of the Lions Club. Using the right knowledge and wisdom I plan on describing the organization known as the Lions Club. I will give my readers detailed information about the membership, services provided, and the local Lions Club. Using interesting facts and images, I plan on persuading any reader to consider joining the Lions Club in their area. The title of my project will be â€Å"Lions Serve†. I choose this title because it is short and gets straight to the pointRead MoreThe Day Of Diwali Festival1087 Words   |  5 Pages Assignment#4 Leadership Diwali festival is the most celebrated event in India and Indian migrants living in Corning and nearby town get together every year in this local community. The group is called â€Å"Southern Tier Indian Cultural Association† (STICA). On October 28th, 2015, the first Diwali event team was formed and finalizing the event date of November13th, 2015 and also decided to have potluck dinner format for food instead catering from a restaurant. I took the lead role of puttingRead MorePublic Health Campaign Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagespublic health campaign will focus predominantly on educating and raising awareness of the importance of regular screening procedures. Therefore, the campaign plans on training some members of the target audience so they can educate members of their community. 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Music in My Life Free Essays

Music in my life Ladies and gentlemen! Today, I would like to talk to you about music and how it influences your life and everyone’s life in the world. But first, let’s state the meaning of â€Å"Music† and where it comes from. Although it’s believed that music era started in the beginning of 18 century, it’s more likely that the music originated thousands years ago from naturally occurring rhythms and sounds which does make sense because that’s how the first tribal melodies were made up. We will write a custom essay sample on Music in My Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now As for the term and the meaning of Music, every human has his own view and opinion on it. For many people it’s a key to creativity, for others it’s a joy for the happiest days or a cure for when they are down or go through difficult periods in their lives. Me, like millions people all over the world, I can’t imagine a day without music. It lifts my spirits or calms me down; encourages me to dream, believe and have faith. Sometimes music expresses person’s feelings when words are not enough. It makes our lives easier and happier. When you are in a bad mood or feel down all you need to do is play your favourite song and next second you feel like a load has been taken off your mind. I believe there is no music, no song exists which you can’t relate your life with. Music is the most powerful element that can drive you from moods and situations. And if you use it the right way, you can make your life perfect. Music also connects people. All my closest friends, for example, are connected to me through music. It’s universal. So, you don’t even need to know language to understand the music and share the emotions you get from it with other people. But the best thing about music is that you can create it yourself and get even more pleasure from it. For example, whenever i sit at the piano or take my guitar and start playing I get the feeling that I am the happiest and luckiest person in the world. Don’t know why but thats what the feeling seems like. It’s not a secret that many people come out of depression, quit smoking and all because they distract themselves by playing instruments or singing. And this does work. People change their lives with music, but they need to like it. If you like music and go through your life along with it and make it a part of your everyday life then every day will seem to you sunny and positive and your life will be beautiful. How to cite Music in My Life, Essay examples Music in My Life Free Essays Music in my life Can you think of a day without music? We can hear music everywhere: in the streets and at home, over the radio and on TV, in the shops and in the parks. People all over the world are fond of music. They listen to music, they dance to music, they learn to play musical instruments. We will write a custom essay sample on Music in My Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now But what is music? Specialists explain that music isn’t only a combination of pleasant sounds. There are a lot of different kinds of music. Some of them appeared long ago, and some are modern. For example, folk music appeared long ago, but it is still alive. There are many local performers, choirs and folk groups in Russia; but perhaps the most famous singer is Nadezhda Babkina. Folk songs are very tuneful and pleasant to listen to. Classical music is often associated with the music of the past. However, this style also includes music being written now, and we may speak of modern classical music. Rap is a modern musical style where the singer speaks or shouts the words in time to music with a steady beat. Such artist as Eminem or group House of Pain are leaders in this style. Tastes differ. So people’s musical interests range from pop and rock music, which are extremely popular nowadays, especially among young people, to classical music and opera. When I have free time I listen to their records. I also like having background music while I am working. It’s a pity that many young people like to listen only to modern music. As for me, I also enjoy listening to classical music. Classical music is always a complex of emotions. It gives me delight, pleasure and a sense of happiness. Not long ago I listened to the Polonez – Goodbye to the nature land, composed by Oginsky. This music is sad, but I like sad music too. The music I hate is heavy metal. I find it noisy and dreadful. Though some young people are fond of this style of music, it is not to everyone’s taste. To my mind, music too loud can destroy our ears. I am indifferent to other styles of music. For example, I don’t mind listening to jazz. Each generation has its own tastes. How to cite Music in My Life, Papers

Business and Society for Water Privatization -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness and Society for Water Privatization. Answer: Business and Society Water privatization (Yes) Yes, because water is considered as a resource related to supply and demand and it should be considered as economic good. Water can be stored through the source of rain, but it has to be gathered, managed and processed by taking into consideration expensive system of channels and processing plants. It is important that dirty water and human waste should be removed and treated in sanitation systems. It is analyzed that water should be treated as an economic good then only it is considered as a waste. On the domestic level, if unmetered access is made by the consumers then it means that they are not paying according to the quantity they consume. On the national level, wasteful methods and inappropriate crops are encouraged by taking into consideration the subsidy given to farmers and industries (Tortajada, Gonzlez-Gmez, Biswas Garca-Rubio, 2016). For instance: In California water hungry cotton is grown that give harmful effect on the environment. Setting price according to its actual cost would help to encourage efficiency and practices that are environmental friendly. For instance: drip irrigation used in agriculture (Bakker, 2014). Issues related to water supply should be taken into consideration with huge investment especially in the emerging countries where individuals are not able to access clean water. It is seen that also in developed countries water is wasted through the leakage in pipes and aging infrastructure. It is analyzed that public sector is not able to offer cash for this investment so private sector involvement is essential. So, private companies should be free to earn profits through actual water charges that take into consideration costs of supply. If there is effective regulation then factors like quality and standards related to the environment should be managed properly (Harris, Goldin Sneddon, 2015). It is evaluated that water should be treated as economic good as it is beneficial for the poor. In the developed countries, the state subsidiary is provided to rich. Water is offered to the middle-class sector and to the wealthy farmers but there is no supply of water in the poorer areas. So, it is important that water should be available in each and every area of developed and undeveloped countries (Ruiz-Villaverde, Chica-Olmo Gonzlez-Gmez, 2018). Water Privatization (No) No, because with the increase in the population growth the demand for water increases. The rich class people waste water by using it in garden sparkles, lush golf courses, and swimming pools. It is important that management of demand should be considered so that waste can be prevented and also it makes sure that every individual can access including poor people. This is the responsibility and job of the government executives and not of private companies. Huge investment is required to meet global water target but it is seen that individual sector will offer these in exchange for huge commercial returns. If the investment is done by government then it is better to privatize as they can easily target the poor people and will not focus more on the opportunities related to profits. Water supply is considered as a natural monopoly so there is no pressure of competition on private companies to drive up quality and reduce the cost. It is also evaluated that in developed countries the proces s of water privatization is not so good. For instance: In the recent electricity supply crisis of California, it is seen that how badly the rules of private utilities can fail. In Australia, the water supply is retained properly just because it is in the hands of the public. To treat water as an economic good can give negative impact on the poor. The rich person can take advantage of the subsidiaries (Middlemiss, 2018). Tourism plays a great role in sustainability. In many countries, tourism is analyzed as an important instrument for regional development as it helps to stimulate the new economic activities. It is seen that tourism has a good impact on the balance of payments, on employment and also on the overall income and production but it can give negative results on the environment. If tourism growth is unplanned and is not controlled then it can result in decline of the environment and also in this the growth of tourism industry is compromised. It is important that environment should be protected as it is the major source of development (Mowforth Munt, 2015). It is seen that tourism impact on sustainability is seen on the landscape degradation and erosion. Air pollution is caused due to heavy transportation and the use of electricity. It is analyzed that there is increase in waste and the contamination of water because of the sewage that is collected from hotels and boats (Hall, Gossling Scot t, 2015). Deforestation also takes place due to an increased need for the supplies. It is seen that positive impact that is seen is related to the safety of the natural beauty. The government and organizations have put efforts so that natural beauty can be maintained as it attracts tourist towards the country. Tourism also encourages the positive impact on the local environment and economy that helps to maintain the environment in an effective manner. For instance: it is seen that tourism has impacted on the economy of Nicaragua's in three places like GDP, employment, and investment. Nicaraguan Tourism accounted for 7.9 of employment in 2013 and it can be enhanced to 8.8 percent by 2024. It is seen that negative aspect of tourism is also related to change in season and also it created part-time jobs and full-time jobs (Hunt, 2016). Sustainability tourism takes into consideration proper utilization of the resources that include social impacts and maximizes the advantage of conserving the local communities. It is seen that tourist mainly emphasizes on natural environment and also on historical cultural heritage. References Bakker, K. (2014). The business of water: Market environmentalism in the water sector.Annual Review of Environment and Resources,39, 469-494. Hall, C. M., Gossling, S., Scott, D. (Eds.). (2015).The Routledge handbook of tourism and sustainability. Routledge. Harris, L. M., Goldin, J. A., Sneddon, C. (Eds.). (2015).Contemporary water governance in the global south: Scarcity, marketization and participation. Routledge. Hunt, C. (2016). 10 A political ecology of tourism in the shadow of an inter-oceanic canal in Nicaragua.Political Ecology and Tourism, 163. Middlemiss, R. (2018). HR 23: An Assault on Water Resource Conservation and California's State Sovereignty.Hastings Envt'l LJ,24, 197. Mowforth, M., Munt, I. (2015).Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Ruiz-Villaverde, A., Chica-Olmo, J., Gonzlez-Gmez, F. (2018). Do small municipalities imitate larger ones? Diffusion of water privatization policies.Urban Water Journal,15(2), 138-149. Tortajada, C., Gonzlez-Gmez, F., Biswas, A. K., Garca-Rubio, M. A. (Eds.). (2016).The Private Sector and Water Pricing in Efficient Urban Water Management. Routledge.

Albert Camus and Bohemian Rhapsody Comparison free essay sample

Albert Camus was one of the most renowned authors during the early twentieth century. With writings such as The Stranger, and The Plague, Camus has struck the world of literature with amazing works that are analyzed to a great extent. This amazing success was not just handed to Camus on a silver platter however; Albert endured many hard times and was often encumbered with great illness in his short life. These hardships that Camus had to face, emphasized in his writings and literature. Camus’ work is very closely related to songs written and sung by a band named Queen. Queen’s song, â€Å"Bohemian Rhapsody†, is one of few songs, that correlate to Albert Camus views on the Absurd, which consist of simplifying the point of philosophy to mean life, a reasoning that the world, in general, is not a reasonable place, and realizing the consequences to believing in the absurd. Albert Camus wrote a numerous amount inspiring novels/essays and gained success, starting at the young age of seventeen, when Camus decided to become a writer. We will write a custom essay sample on Albert Camus and Bohemian Rhapsody Comparison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By 1932, he was writing articles for magazines. Albert entered the University of Algiers on scholarships the same year (Sprintzen). As an art critic, Camus wrote articles for a newspaper in 1934. In the same year he married Simon Hie who was wealthy but was plagued with a drug addiction. This marriage only lasted for about two years. (Sprintzen) After earning a degree in 1935, Camus wrote his thesis Christian Metaphysics and Neo-Platonism†. On December 3, 1940, Albert Camus married for the second time to Francine Fautre (Wachtel).After all of this success, some fabulous works followed. Some of his novels include The Stranger, The Myth of Sisyphus, and The Plague. With the money he made from the publishing of The Plague, he paid the University of Algiers back fifteenfold. He also wrote many books of essays including LEvers et lendroit, Noces, and Nuptials. All of these works led to his greatest achievement; he was awarded the Nobel Prize in October 1957, for his important literary works which shed light on the problems today facing the human conscience. (Nobelprize.org). Albert Camus had really hanged the lives of many people for works in literature as stated by the Nobel Prize Committee. According to Camus the point of philosophy is life: â€Å"The preceding merely defines a way of thinking. But the  point is to live† (Camus). Others say that philosophy is theorization about the universe and the difference between ideas of a personal view and views of others that make simple things in life complicated. e.g. beauty, wealth, etc.(Ramsland). Camus’ life and work were dominated by the juxtaposition of an unstoppable will towards happiness and justice on one hand and the indifference and hostility of the world on the other hand. This correlation constitutes the absurd. In Bohemian Rhapsody it was often said, â€Å"nothing really matters† (Queen). And how there is â€Å"no escape from reality†(Queen). Which is the core of what the Absurd truly is. The absurd is a conflict between our expectations and reality. Particularly, it is the confrontation between our longing for order, meaning, and clarity and the chaos, confusion, and irrationality of the world; between the human longing for happiness and the evil in the world. â€Å"The world in itself is not reasonable, that is all that can be said. But what is absurd is the confrontation of this irrational and the wild longing for clarity whose call echoes in the human heart.† (Camus). Bohemian Rhapsody is a song written by Queen on October 31, 1975; the lyrics to this song are very similar to the work Albert Camus had written of describing the absurd and a man’s fate and faith after killing someone quite possibly himself. This song was released around the time when many people were unsure of their lives. This song was more mournful and depressing with the rhythmic sounds. Revolt is a refusal to accept the absurd without trying to escape it and without renouncing either the world or our desire for happiness and order. Much the way Queen and many other bands during the time period did by creating rock music. Freedom; In a world devoid of external significance and meaning, man is free to create his own happiness. The loss of external values is also liberation from our dependence on them. The man speaking in Bohemian Rhapsody talks about feeling liberated and free after he has left â€Å"real life†. Passion; Recognizing and living with the absurd entail a passionate consciousness of each moment of experience. What we lose in quality of experience derived from external values we gain in quantity of consciousness and passion derived from our awareness and rejection of the absurd. The existentialism of Albert Camus is based on his view of life as the Absurd. This sense of the Absurd derives from the realization that man is  destined to die, as if being punished for a crime he never committed. There is no reprieve, and this makes life absurd (Peyre). There is no God in Camus’s conception, and those who hope for an afterlife are thus to be disappointed. Camus understood that the fact that there is no God also means that there is no meaning or purpose to life outside of living life to the fullest, and that there is a destined end. The one saving grace in the world seems to be the fact that while there is no God on which man can depend, man can live as if he can depend on his fellow man, even though he and they will all die (Sprintzen). This is another absurdity, but it is based on the fact that the individual has come to understand the absurdity of life and that this realization liberates him. The individual faces death, knowing that he will lose, but acting as if his life ultimately does matter. The works of Albert Camus fall into three categories, aside from his work as a journalist: literary, political, and philosophical. This is an arbitrary division, since he generally mixes these elements in his work and his thought in some degree. An examination of his life and his work will show the evolution of his philosophical thought and how he expressed his conceptions to the world. The word absurd is very weird in the sense that there is no clear definition for the term. Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary has a definition of absurd as having no rational or orderly relationship to human life: meaningless, also: lacking order or value. Many existential philosophers have defined it in their own manner. Soren Kierkegarrd, a Dutch philosopher from the 1800’s, defined absurd as that quality of Christian faith which runs counter to all reasonable human expectation (Woelfel 40). Jean-Paul Sartre a post-WW II French philosopher, felt that absurd was the sheer contingency or thereness or gratuitousness of the world (Woelfel 41). Both of these definitions are hard to interpret and for the most part are not how Camus viewed the word absurd. Camus gives his interpretation of absurd in his book The Myth of Sisyphus, which is the point at which man realizes that all the struggles that we put forth in a repeated daily cycle are in all actuality completely meaningless (Woelfel 44). Some people may believe that Bohemian Rhapsody does not relate to Albert Camus’ ideas on The Absurd because the song focuses more on a man committing suicide and does  not express the beliefs of Albert Camus well. This counterclaim is supported by the quote from Albert Camus himself stating, â€Å"I regret the continued reference to myself as a philosopher of the absurd as it is an oxymoron to what the true idealism of the absurd is about† (Scherr). The counterargument would be false because the man that is telling the story through song is often questioning whether or not life is meaningful and if we live in a â€Å"real† life, and questioning life is part of the base of the Absurd along with suicide being morally questioned as to right or wrong. Much the way the narrator of the song is describing his tale of killing a man that could very well be himself as he says he pains for himself (Queen). Albert Camus’ theories on the absurd are similar to motives and explanation of life and post-life described in the song by rock band Queen entitled Bohemian Rhapsody. Albert Camus’ life had faced many difficulties and it was surprising when he died at a young age in his mid-40’s. Camus work on the absurd and reasoning the meaning and simplicity of life through literature has changed the world’s perspective of the past-life. Albert Camus’ words are still upheld today as many people have reread and retranslated Camus’ words over and over again. The world is a better place now considering all the things Albert has taught about the absurd.

Term Paper 15 Pages

Term Paper 15 Pages Term Paper 15 Pages Term Paper 15 Pages is a legal site offering help with term paper writing.   Firstly, our free term paper writing blog consists of numerous term paper samples.   Secondly, our professional writers are always online to write a custom term paper for you from scratch.   Below is an excellent sample of term paper on abortion. Term Paper Sample Abortion is still prohibited except for medical emergencies in nearly two-thirds of the world, including the Western hemisphere, most of southern and western Europe, Africa and most of Asia. The exceptions are Britain and Scandinavia, which comprise 2 percent of the world's population, and Japan, China and most countries of eastern Europe, accounting for the remaining third of the world's population. Denmark and Sweden liberalized their laws in the 1930's and Britain enacted a liberal law in 1967 which has made it one of the freest countries anywhere in the world for abortions. Britain allows an abortion on the certification of two physicians stating that pregnancy will cause risk to life or the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman, even if the risk is slight. It is also permitted if the birth would imperil the physical or mental health of the woman's existing children, or if there is a risk that the child will be born defective. This law has become, in effect, abortion on demand. The United States is one of the countries in which abortion, as of 1971, is still restricted. In 32 states it is prohibited except in order to save the life of the mother. In Mississippi it is allowed also in cases of rape. The remaining 17 states and the District of Columbia are more permissive. (Every year more states join those who have passed liberalized laws.) As of early 1971, there were 17 states which had passed some form of abortion law based on the model code suggested by the American Law Institute. This code recommended in 1962 that abortion be permitted under the following circumstances: if the mother's physical or mental health will be impaired; if the child will be born with serious mental or physical defects; or if the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest. States that have adopted this legislation are: Arkansas, California, Colorado (the first to do so in 1967), Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, Vir ginia, Washington, Alaska, Hawaii and New York. The last three states have gone beyond the suggested code allowing abortion for all reasons. The New York abortion-on-demand law passed in April 1970 is the most liberal with virtually no restrictions other than that the abortion must be performed by a licensed physician within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy. In Hawaii and Alaska there are residency requirements and the abortion must be performed in a hospital. Term Paper Help Online If you want to get a custom term paper written from scratch, you should order custom term paper writing service at our site.   Our term paper writers are responsible while our term paper writing services are affordable for all students!

Effective Team and Performance Management Essay - 3

Effective Team and Performance Management - Essay Example Effective teams are categorized by traits of trust, mutual respect, cooperation and affability among the team members. Usually, successful teams are ones which have strong leadership and pay a lot of attention to how the team is built. They have a shared vision and sense of ownership so that all members feel responsible and work for the completion of the goal set by the team leader. Another important characteristic of successful teams is the communication factor, teams that do well have an open system of information exchange, team members coordinate among themselves to get the job done and are truthful with each other about work related issues. (Effective Teamwork, Constructing Excellence). This assignment is based on a series of lectures geared towards helping participant groups learn how to best work in groups and helping team members realize what their individual strengths and weaknesses are when working as a part of a collaborative team and how these contribute for the better or for the worse towards the achievement of the end goal. Each lecture involves a different activity, which allows participants to learn different aspects of being part of a team by involving themselves in the activity and reflecting upon it. Our team leader was chosen by a process of voting. All team members took a vote as to who should be our team leader and team member ‘a’ got 3 votes which was the maximum number of votes any team member got and thus the role of leader was delegated to team member ‘a’. Our team was to collaborate across a time period of 8 weeks. We would be attending 8 seminars, one every week and each time a task would be allocated to us and we would have to decide how we would go about it as a team. Once done with the procedure of attaining the goal that was expected of us in the task, we were to reflect upon the strengths, weaknesses, causes of these strengths and weaknesses and possible ways of improvement. One of the exercises was abou t being ‘lost on the moon’. In this task, we were to imagine that we had just crash landed on the moon and the mother ship was 200 miles away. There were just 15 items we had left for survival on our trip from the landing site to the mother ship and we had to rate the items from 1 to 15 in order of importance for survival, 1 being the most important and 15 being the least important. The keys issues we faced here were mostly centered in the difference of opinions among the group member as to what item should be given what rank of importance. The items varied greatly in nature and different people felt that different items were more important for survival when lost on the moon. Our team leader ‘a’ proposed that we brainstorm this situation according to rank so for example we started with rank 15 and all team members suggested which item they thought was least important and the reason why they thought so. This was to the end of convincing other members of thei r reasons so that we could narrow down to one item per rank by agreeing on one thing. And thus we moved up ranks till we reached rank one with our most important mutually agreed upon item. This tactic combined the use of collaboration and brain storming to bring about cohesion in the thought process. Another task was that of ‘the egg flying contest’. Our challenge as a team was to 5 of the 7 resources mentioned to be able to build a mechanism that would enable the egg to not break when dropped from a height of 2 meters. Under our leader, we chose 5 critical items from the given list based on a discussion among the team members concerning building a mechanism to stop the egg from breaking.

Basel III Rules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Basel III Rules - Essay Example Australia also faced such type of economic recession and banks were exposed to market risk. Thus some more financial reforms are needed that can help the organizations to face the emerging new challenges efficiently. Hence, Basel III norms have been implemented by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). This essay will illustrate the opportunities to be created by Basel III norms that help in providing better financial risk management; it also will discuss the challenges or negative impacts of Basel III. Basel III emphasized on developing risk resilience mechanisms that can be practiced in financial institutions including banks. Basel III norms also called for controlling the financial irregularities by implementing strict regulations. It provided financial protection to banks by following minimum adequate cash reserves that can sustain their financial needs for minimum period of 3-4 months at the time of financial crisis. The risk bearing ability of the banks was also strengt hened through the major financial regulations that are sufficiently dynamic in nature to respond to the market changes positively from time to time (The Economist, 2010). According to the norms of the Basel III, the banks are required to hold a minimum of seven percent of tier 1 capital, namely cash reserves and common stock which is a good jump from present level of two per cent. This is very significant step to provide higher risk bearing ability to banks against the financial crisis. Similarly, the tier one capital is also a core measure of a bank's financial strength and by increasing this component, the risk bearing ability of the banks would be enhanced tremendously. Tier 2 capital will be regulated for its sustainable growth and tier 3 capital will be removed completely according to Basel III norms. In addition, they have to improve the capital requirements for counterparty credit exposures which provide them better cushion to withstand financial shocks. At the same time, as per the norms of Basel III, the risk management of counter party credit exposures and capital buffers have to be strengthened which would provide cushion at the times of financial stress. This would result in higher immunity for the banks against interest rate risk and market risk in future. In consequence, the successful implementation of all these measures suggested in Basel III would certainly enhance the financial stability of the banks and reduce the need for the government bailouts during the financial crises. In contrast, the implementation of some clauses of Basel III has some potential disadvantages and banks have to face new challenges. For example, according to Basel III agreement, the banks are required to hold higher amount of capital reserves with themselves as a protection against the financial risks involved with the longevity of their own debts and the risks that banks attach to different kinds of loans (Peston, 2010). This would certainly provide them better protec tion during the times of financial crisis, but at the same time, the profit margin of the banks and their investment opportunities will erode significantly (Black Swain Insights, 2010). This is because of the fact that the banks have little amount to disburse in the form of loans to the customers and hence they may have to charge additional interest rate. In other words, the

UAE Legal and Ethical Issues in the Media

UAE Legal and Ethical Issues in the Media RESEARCH BASED REFLECTIVE PAPER ON MEDIA JOURNALISM IN THE UAE WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES 1. Introduction Media originated with the advent of newspapers and magazines and later on broadened its perspective to radio, Television, cinema, internet, and so on. This broadening accordingly multiplied reach to mass audiences across nations. Media has the capability to reach masses in no time. This inherent quality necessitates regulations owing to which Media law came into existence. The UAE also has a constitution of Laws governing Media and a code of ethics for the journalists. This paper analyses on Media with the following considerations. Are the regulations of Media laws in the UAE in the right approach? Do the journalists in the UAE enjoy enough freedom? What is the level of interference of the governing bodies on the media? Are the journalists publishing ethical and authentic content that will not harm the society? What is the effect of the contemporary and emerging media have on the society? Considering the unique cultural situation in the UAE, this study analyses the media laws and the journalistic code of ethics with the contemporary and the emerging media and to understand if Media laws have broadened and expanded with respect to the new media and its demands. 2. Media Ethics Vs Law 2.1. Definition Media ethicsis the subdivision ofapplied ethicsdealing with the specific ethical principles and standards of  media, including  broadcast media,  film,  theatre, arts,  print, and the internet. The field covers many varied and highly controversial topics, ranging fromwar journalism  to  Benetton  advertising. Media law can be defined as laws that regulate the activities of the Media. 2.2. Scope Media ethics is a subject which deals with the perspective of a perfect media person who takes ownership of the information published by him without causing harm and sensation to the public. Sometimes what is legally correct may not be ethically appropriate. The media person is expected to do a lot of psychological analysis on the value system combined with social responsibility. Media Law is a legal field that regulates the Advertising Broadcasting Censorship Confidentiality Contempt Copyright Defamation Entertainment law Freedom of information Information Technology Internet and on-line services Privacy Telecommunications  (Wikipedia). 2.3. Relevance The SPJ Code of ethics is a statement of abiding principles which gives a clear picture on the journalistic practices. Although it is not a set of rules, it directs the journalists in their task of publishing, regardless of medium. This code makes sense as a whole only and it cannot be used in bits. The SPJ code recommends the following: Seek Truth and Report It Minimize Harm Act Independently Be Accountable and Transparent  (SPJ Code of Ethics, 2014). 3. Why media ethics matter? Media has created a major impact on the social and political sectors. The reach of media and various forms of communication has generated a mass effect in the public and furthermore the effect it creates in each individual has varied with respect to multiple factors. 3.1. Social Impact On a social level, media has brought about the greatest impact. The media publications have been shaped on the basis of different cultures, races, genders, religions and sexual orientations in the society. The perception of the two main elements, the entertainment and the news differ. The representations are valued at face value in entertainment sector. There are also cases of unfair stereotyping which causes a major social impact. Unfair Beauty Standards is one such practice where the beautiful women are often in favorable roles, portrayed as successful always. These standards in media have an adverse effect on the psychology of the women. Failing to meet those standards or adopting those characteristics have even forced them to dejection and sometimes depression too. Other practices are sexual orientation, religion, devastating mental and physical health of children and older generation, principles of extremist groups which can cause unnecessary sensations in the society. 3.2. Political Impact On a political level, media is capable of influencing the society to a larger extent. Media can advocate for a particular political party. Construction of the news is another way in which the mass media can have an influence over the masses. The media people are bound to abide by the media laws. There are instances when the government or the ruling party enforces media to project only what they deem appropriate. Owing to its power to build public judgment, media influence can create or dissolve the government. Attributed to the high levels of public impact, both in social and political grounds, ethical practice becomes inevitable in Media. As a matter of fact while dealing with the Media Laws, what is legal may not be ethical necessarily. 4. Is there any need to ‘regulate’ (media law) media? With relevance to the UAE market an analysis on the contemporary and the emerging media will throw light on the significance of Media Ethics. The process of convergence of Telecommunications and Broadcasting has been in the process of entirely changing the media globally. Convergence has brought together mobile telecommunication operators and the television broadcasters to use technologies like DVB-H facilitating people to watch television as well as internet content in the mobile. Media has the dangerous effect of inducing fake ideas through advertisements. People are fascinated by media’s influence to buy harmful or substandard products. Sometimes, Media develops unnecessary sensation and distorts truth just to attract customers. Because of its power to build public judgment, the influence of media can create or dissolve a government. Some of the emerging media have no control over the content as the Media laws are not refined in detail. In a conservative unique society like that of the UAE, the content may not be as per the strictly adhered society norms and could create social impact. The information sharing in the social networking sites are bound to cause cyber crimes. The media pivots in bringing specifics of all major political circumstances, stands and other scenarios. This helps people to understand their rights and make better decisions. The impact of Media can also create agitation and political turnarounds(Arab Media Outlook 2007-2011). The UAE requires a clear media law that provides absolute clarity protecting the journalists and at the same time defining boundaries to ensure the responsibility of the press. The other countries with established media freedom have these boundaries created over the years through the legal system. The recently released guidelines set by Abu Dhabi Media Zone, a media-creation free zone anchored by the content-incubator TwoFour54 carries clear guidelines(Gulfnews.com, 2012). Human Rights Watch has reported that a new law has been drafted to regulate the media which hampers freedom of expression and unduly interferes with the medias freedom to report on sensitive subjects. The pending law also allows the government to decide the organizations that can operate in the country and also interfere in the selection of journalists. The law imposes unreasonable civil penalties that could wash out media outlets completely and subtly impose restrictions on the published content. It also enforces media organizations to pay an unspecified security deposit that set a powerful barrier for independent and small press organizations(Human Rights Watch, 2009). 5. Media and Journalism in the UAE Code of ethics is based on the Following Principles†¦ Accuracy in reporting Appropriate acknowledgement of sources Avoiding discrimination Avoiding sensationalism Avoiding the fanning of public feeling Confidentiality Credibility Eliminating and/or minimizing harm (especially to children) Fairness to all Freedom and integrity Impartiality Innocence until proven guilty Professionalism, especially in relation to plagiarism Refusing to accept bribes and advantage Respect for public feeling Respect for the truth Respecting personal privacy Rightful acquisition of information Transparency Upholding human rights Understanding this code of ethics in reality, it offers a minimal safety for the journalists. A revised media law in the UAE is the need of the hour. The lack of effective protections for journalists has brought down the ranking of freedom in the UAE to the last and the scholars in media call out for revision. Dr Abdulkhaleq Abdulla, a professor at UAE University, after a thorough study has brought this issue to the attention of Foreign Minister Sheikh Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, chairman of the UAEs National Media Council and has suggested immediate amendments  (Gulfnews.com, 2012). 6. Media law and Ethics in the UAE The press freedom rankings of UAE is 112. The features like pervasive self-censorship and Internet blocking policy have pushed the country to the â€Å"not free† category. The freedom enjoyed by the journalists operating in other countries is far more compared to the journalists in the UAE making most of the media zones to set up regional centres out of the United Arab Emirates. The UAE Constitution does not encourage freedom of expression. Article 30 states that â€Å"Freedom of opinion and expressing it verbally, in writing or by other means of expression shall be guaranteed within the limits of law† (Dr. Matt J. Duffy 2013). The penal code as well as the media law pose numerous restrictions on journalism and freedom of speech. Also, the Constitution specifically guarantees personal freedom in religious worship, movement and having associations. The UAE constitution contains points that define personal freedom but does not outline regulations for the society as a whole  (Dr. Matt J. Duffy 2013). The UAE penal code Article 378 strictly prohibits defamation against the royal family and has rights to criminalize journalists for publicizing secrets of royal family life. Publicly insulting the UAE’s rulers is a crime according to Articles 176 and 8 of the UAE penal code. Article 312 of Federal Law No. 3 of the 1987 Penal Code of the UAE has blasphemy laws that protect Islam and other religions from defamation  (Dr. Matt J. Duffy 2013). Abusing any form of sacred and Islamic rites or blaspheming any of the divine religions is considered a crime and penalties are chargeable for these crimes  (Dr. Matt J. Duffy 2013). 7. Reflections The technological developments have brought into life to contemporary and emerging media with their own positive and negative effects on the society as well as the people in the media. Although there have been revisions in the Media law in the UAE since the time it was formulated owing to globalization, the media laws lack clarity. The fact is that it requires several amendments in comparison with the Media Laws of the global counterparts. When it comes to freedom although it looks like the freedom is highly restricted. Media contributes to a transformation in the culture, fashion and social values of the masses influencing lifestyles of communities and culture of nations. Media transforms the attitudes and beliefs of the people and is responsible for influencing our daily activities. Media has a significant role in refining the society by opening views against racism, gender bias, poverty, and spreading awareness about the need for world peace. Media laws have been an ambiguity for the journalists. The UAE Constitution does not guarantee freedom of expression. Much of their provisions tell journalists what they cant do rather than offering protections for their actions. In a nutshell, code of ethics in reality it offers a minimal safety for the journalists. The law imposes enormous civil penalties that could completely wipe out media outlets and silence disagreeing voices found to violate the huge but subtle constraints on content. Media organizations found to have defamed or slandered senior government officials or members of the royal family are charged penalties. 8. Recommendations The media organizations have to bring about constructive changes within the organization and communicate clarity both in media laws and ethics to its personnel to have a positive influence on the society. The Media Laws also have to be refined to give sufficient freedom to the media to serve better. Media organizations, governing bodies, media laws, media ethics, skilled human resources together have to work together to revise the media laws as and when new media emerge. This helps in bringing out the authentic information to the public without creating unnecessary sensations. Media ought to be regulated failing which the society will face unnecessary complications in politics, culture, values, beliefs etc., The public should also abide by the laws when delivering opinions and expressions in social media to develop a healthy society. UAE women taking up lead positions in Media organizations can also contribute to peace and upliftment of the society. In short, publishing authentic content regulated by media ethics and laws should be the goal of the media. 9. Conclusion The UAE Constitution does not empower Media and Journalism to publish all facts truth. Practical constraints are plenty in this field. The journalists as well as the media organizations are charged huge penalties the governing authorities have all rights to deem content as inappropriate or to block the websites. These conditions prevailing could suppress the truth and actual facts may be darkened or completely blocked by the media. The development of the country largely depends on the people and their potential to acquaint the economical developments, the political circumstances, the technological evolutions, the business standards, the social interactions, the international affairs etc., the main source of information being Media, the freedom of media plays a significant role in the development of the country. Moreover, the fortified opinion of the scholars is to revise Media laws and to enhance the freedom. Refining the media laws and the ethics code by giving more clarity to the ambiguities will give more scope for the journalists by amplifying their freedom and to do more justice in their work. Subsequently, the fine borders have to be defined meticulously to avoid misuse of freedom resulting in unnecessary sensations in the country. Taking into consideration the culture, religion, people etc., the Media laws and the media ethics code have to be conjointly revised for constructive changes in the country. 10. References / Bibliography. Page 1 of 9

Cbse Chemistry Notes for 11 and 12

Supplementary Textual Material in Chemistry for Class XI & Class XII 1 Acknowledgements CBSE ADVISORS Shri Vineet Joshi, I. A. S. , Chairman, CBSE Shri Shashi Bhushan, Director (Acad. ), CBSE CONVENOR & EDITOR Prof. A. K. Bakhshi Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi. DEVELOPMENT TEAM Prof. A. K. Bakhshi Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi. Dr. Anju Srivastava Hindu College, University of Delhi. Dr. Vimal Rarh S. G. T. B. Khalsa College, University of Delhi. Dr. Geetika Bhalla Hindu College, University of Delhi. Ms. Anupama Sharma Modern School, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi. MEMBER COORDINATOR Dr.Srijata Das, Education Officer, CBSE 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Class XI Unit 5 : States of Matter 5. 7. 1 Kinetic Energy and Molecular Speeds 5. 7. 2 Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular speeds Unit 6 : Thermodynamics 6. 6. 1. Second Law of Thermodynamics 6. 8. Third Law of Thermodynamics Unit 7 : Equilibrium 7. 12. 1 pH of Buffer Solutions Class XII Unit 16 : Chemistry in Everyd ay Life 16. 4. 2. 1 Antioxidants 3 Unit 5: States of Matter 5. 7. 1 KINETIC ENERGY AND MOLECULAR SPEEDS As you have studied in the previous section the molecules of a gas are always in motion and are colliding with each other and with the walls of the container.Due to these collisions the speeds and the kinetic energies of the individual molecules keep on changing. However at a given temperature, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules remains constant. If at a given temperature, n1 molecules have speed v1, n2 molecules have speed v2, n3 molecules have speed v3, and so on. Then, the total kinetic energy (EK) of the gas at this temperature is given by where m is the mass of the molecule. The corresponding average kinetic energy ( If the following term Then the average kinetic energy is given by where c is given by 4 ) of the gas will beThis ‘c’ is known as root-mean-square speed. As the name implies, to calculate c, first take the squares of the individual speeds , then their mean and finally the square root of the mean. It can be shown that c is related to temperature by The average kinetic energy depends only on absolute temperature and is related to absolute temperature by the expression where k = Boltzmann constant = 1. 38 x 10-23 J K-1 In the case of gases, one also talks of two other speeds, namely, average speed and most-probable speed. The average speed ( ) at a given temperature is the arithmetic mean of the speeds of different molecules of the gas. . e, where n1 molecules have speed v1, n2 molecules have speed v2, n3 molecules have speed v3, and so on. The relationship between average speed and temperature T is given by The most probable speed ( ) of a gas at a given temperature is the speed possessed by the maximum number of molecules at that temperature. Unlike average speed and root mean square speed, the most probable speed cannot be expressed in terms of the individual molecular speeds. The most probable speed ( ) is related t o absolute temperature (T) by the expression 5 Relationship between different types of molecular speedsThe three types of molecular speeds, namely, most probable speed ( ), average speed ( ) and root mean square speed (c) of a gas at a given temperature are related to each other as follows: For a particular gas, at a particular temperature, It follows from the above relationships that Example: Calculate the root mean square, average and most probable speeds of oxygen molecules at 27 oC. Solution: Given data: Molar mass of oxygen, M = 32 g mol-1 = 0. 032 kg mol-1 Temperature, t = 27 oC T = (27 + 273) K = 300 K 6 Expressions to be used: Root mean square speed, Average speed, Most probable speed, Actual calculationsRoot mean square speed, Average speed, Most probable speed, 5. 7. 2 MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION OF MOLECULAR SPEEDS The speeds of the individual molecules of a gas do not remain constant. They keep on changing due to inter molecular collisions and due to collisions with t he walls of the container. However, at a given temperature, the distribution of molecular speeds remains constant. This distribution of molecular speeds is given by Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law. 7 For a given gas, at a given temperature, the distribution curve of molecular speeds is shown in Figure 5. 7. 1 Figure 5. 7. 1.Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curve You can see from the distribution curve that it is the plot of molecular speed vs the fraction of molecules. The important features of this distribution curve are: (i) The fraction of molecules having too low or too high speeds is very small. (ii) There is a certain speed for which the fraction of molecules is maximum. This speed is known as most probable speed. (iii) The most probable speed of a gas, is the speed possessed by the maximum number of molecules of the gas at a given temperature and it corresponds to the peak of the curve. Since the most probable speed ( xpression ) is related to absolute temperature T by the I t means that at the same temperature, lighter gases shall move faster than heavier gases as is evident from the distribution curves of chlorine and nitrogen gases in Figure 5. 7. 2. 8 Figure 5. 7. 2. Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curves for chlorine and nitrogen gases at 300K Effect of temperature In Figure 5. 7. 3. are given the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curves of a gas at three different temperatures T1, T2 and T3 such that T1>T2>T3. Figure 5. 7. 3. Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curves for a gas at three different temperatures 9It can be seen from these distribution curves that as the temperature increases 1. The entire curve shifts towards right. 2. The most probable speed increases. 3. The fraction of molecules having most probable speed decreases. 4. The curve becomes broader in the middle range indicating that more molecules have speeds near to the most probable speed. 5. The fraction of molecules having higher speeds increases. 6. The fraction of molecules having lower speed decreases. It may be noted that the total area under each of the curves remains the same as the sum of fractions of molecules remains unaltered on changing the temperature. 0 EXERCISE 1. Calculate (i) root mean square speed (ii) average speed and (iii) most probable speed of CO2 molecules at 700 K . 2. A sample of a gas contains 15 molecules with a speed of 3 m s-1, 25 molecules with a speed of 5 m s-1 and 30 molecules with a speed of 8 m s-1. Calculate root mean square speed of these molecules. 3. Calculate the temperature at which the average speed of oxygen equals that of hydrogen at 20 K. 4. Calculate the temperatures at which the root mean square speed, average speed and the most probable speed of oxygen gas are all equal to 1500 m s-1. Answers 1. i. 629. 92, m s-1 ii. 80. 50 m s-1 iii. 514. 33 m s-1 2. 6. 187 m s-1 3. 320 K 4. T for root mean square speed= 2886 K, T for the average speed = 3399 K, T for most probable speed = 4330 K 11 12 Unit 6 : Thermodynamics 6. 6. 1 SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS You have already studied in the previous sections that the first law of thermodynamics deals only with the law of conservation of energy and it gives no information about the criteria for feasibility of a given physical or chemical process. This law is always obeyed whether a given process occurs on its own or is made to occur with the help of an external agency.In any case the first law is valid in both the forward and reverse direction of the process. You have also learnt about the concept of entropy which is a measure of the randomness or the disorder in a system. This concept helps in explaining the spontaneity of the irreversible processes. For an irreversible process, the entropy of the system and surroundings taken together i. e. of the universe increases, while for a process at equilibrium it remains constant. This conclusion is of great importance as it helps us to predict whether a given process can take place spontaneously or not.Since a ll processes in nature occur spontaneously i. e. irreversibly, it follows that the entropy of the universe is increasing continuously. This important statement i. e. â€Å"in any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe (system and surroundings) always increases† is also known as the second law of thermodynamics. ?SUniverse = ? Ssystem + ? Ssurroundings Specifically it means that If ? SUniverse > 0, the reaction is spontaneous If ? SUniverse < 0, the reaction is non-spontaneous If ? SUniverse = 0, the reaction is at equilibriumSince chemists are generally more interested in the system (reaction mixture) than the surroundings, it is therefore more convenient to restate the second law in terms of the thermodynamic properties of the system, without regard to the surroundings. As already described in the previous section, this is possible through the Gibbs free energy G which for a system is defined as G = H – TS. In terms of this thermodynamic property, the second law of thermodynamics can be restated as in any spontaneous process at 13 constant temperature and pressure, the free energy of the system (? Gsystem) always decreases.According to this definition If ? Gsystem < 0, the reaction is spontaneous If ? Gsystem > 0, the reaction is non-spontaneous If ?Gsystem = 0, the reaction is at equilibrium 6. 8. THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS The third law of thermodynamics is concerned with determination of entropy. It states that a substance which is perfectly crystalline at absolute zero of temperature has an entropy of zero. In a perfect crystal at absolute zero of temperature, each constituent of the crystal (atom, molecule or ion) is at the proper crystal lattice site and it therefore has the lowest energy.This means that this particular state is of perfect order, i. e, has zero disorder and hence zero entropy. Using zero value of entropy at absolute zero for a perfectly crystalline substance as the reference point (initial state), on e can calculate absolute value of entropy of the substance in any state (solid, liquid or gas) at any temperature by calculating ? S for the process/es in going from the initial state to the state of the substance for which entropy is to be calculated. However there are certain substances which possess certain entropy even at absolute zero.This entropy is known as residual entropy. The origin of residual entropy can be explained on the basis of the disorder which remains at absolute zero in certain crystals composed of AB types of molecules where A and B are similar atoms (as in CO). In such substances, there is a very little energy difference between â€Å"†¦AB AB AB†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å".. †¦AB BA BA AB†¦.. † and other arrangements so that the molecules adopt the orientations AB and BA at random in the solid. This gives rise to some disorder, also known as frozen disorder, and consequently residual entropy.For example in case of CO, the measured residual entropy is 5 J K-1 mol-1 which is close to the value expected for a random structure Figure 1 (B) of the form â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦CO CO OC CO CO OC OC†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . 14 Figure 1. Alternative molecular arrangements for CO (A) Perfect crystal (B) Actual crystal EXERCISE 1. State Second Law of Thermodynamics. 2. Write the conditions in terms of ? H and ? S when a reaction would be always spontaneous. 3. When ? H > 0 and ? S < 0, a reaction is never spontaneous. Explain. 4. Comment on the spontaneity of a reaction at constant temperature and pressure in the following cases i) ? H < 0 and ? S > 0 (ii) ? H > 0 and ? S < 0 (iii) ? H < 0 and ? S < 0 (iv) ? H > 0 and ? S > 0 5. State third law of thermodynamics. 6. Explain the term residual entropy. 15 Unit 7: Equilibrium 7. 12. 1 pH OF BUFFER SOLUTIONS : HENDERSON – HASSELBALCH EQUATION As you have already learnt in the previous section a buffer solution is a solution which resists change in its pH on t he addition of small amount of acid or a base. Most of the important buffer solutions generally consist of mixtures of weak acids and their salts or weak bases and their salts.These buffer solutions are known as acidic buffers and basic buffers respectively. If the pH of the buffer solution is less than 7, it is called an acidic buffer and if the pH of the buffer solution is greater than 7 it is called a basic buffer. Examples of some acidic and basic buffers are as given below Acidic buffer Basic buffer 1) Acetic acid and sodium acetate 1) Ammonium hydroxide and ammonium chloride 2) Formic acid and sodium formate 2) Ammonium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate pH of an acidic buffer A very common example of an acidic buffer is a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate.Acetic acid, being a weak acid, is very slightly dissociated, while sodium acetate being a salt is completely dissociated. The mixture thus contains acetic acid molecules as well acetate ions and sodium ions. At equilibr ium: CH3COOH(aq) H+ (aq) + CH3COO-(aq) Taking the negative logarithm on both the sides, we get 16 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(7. 39) In general, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(7. 40) It may be noted that the concentration of the acetate ions is taken to be almost equal to the concentration of the salt because the acetate ions coming from fully dissociated salt (here sodium acetate) suppress the ionization of the weak acid (acetic acid). This equation (7. 0) is called Henderson- Hasselbalch equation. According to this equation, the pH of an acidic buffer consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its salt depends on the pKa of the acid, and the concentrations of the salt and acid in the mixture. If concentration of the salt is equal to that of the acid, then Buffer action of Acidic buffer The buffer action of an acidic buffer consisting of a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate can be explained in the following way. If we add small amount of HCl to the buffer solution it will ionise to give H+ ions. These combine with CH3COO- ions to form weakly ionized acetic acid.CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq) ? CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) Since H+ ions get neutralised by CH3COO- ions, there will be no change in pH. On the other hand, if we add a few drops of NaOH to the buffer solution, it provides OH- ions which are neutralized by the acetic acid present in the mixture. 17 OH-(aq) + CH3COOH(aq) ? CH3COO-(aq) + H2O(l) Therefore the pH of the solution remains unchanged. pH of a Basic Buffer A very common example of a basic buffer is a mixture of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. Ammonium hydroxide being a weak base is very slightly dissociated, while ammonium chloride being a salt is completely dissociated.The mixture thus contains ammonium hydroxide molecules as well as ammonium ions and chloride ions. At equilibrium, NH4OH(aq) NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) Taking the negative logarithm on both the sides, we get †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(7. 41) In general, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(7. 42) 18 It may be noted that the concentration of the ammonium ions is taken to be almost equal to the concentration of the salt because ammonium ions coming from the fully dissociated salt (here ammonium chloride) suppress the ionization of the weak base ammonium hydroxide. This equation (7. 42) is called Henderson- Hasselblach equation. Further, pH can be calculated easily from pOH using Hence,It may be noted that pKa + pKb = 14 Buffer action of basic buffer The buffer action of a basic buffer consisting of a mixture of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium chloride can be explained in the following way. If a few drops of HCl are added to the buffer solution, it will ionise to give H+ ion which will combine with OH- ions to form H2O. H+(aq) + OH- (aq) ? H2O(l) Therefore, the addition of HCl will not change the pH. On the other hand, when a few drops of NaOH solution are added to the buffer solution, it would give OH- ions. These OH- ions combine with NH4+ ions present in the solution to form NH4OH, which is only slightly ionised.OH-(aq) + NH4+ (aq) ? NH4OH(aq) Hence, the addition of a base also will not change the pH. 19 EXERCISE 1. A certain buffer is made by mixing sodium formate and formic acid in water. With the help of equations explain how this buffer neutralizes addition of a small amount of an acid or a base. 2. A basic buffer is made by mixing ammonium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate in water. Explain how this buffer resists change in its pH on addition of a small amount of an acid or a base. 3. What would be the pH of a solution obtained by mixing 10 g of acetic acid and 15 g of sodium acetate and making the volume equal to 1 L.Dissociation constant of acetic acid at 25oC is 1. 75 x 10-5. 4. A buffer solution contains 0. 40 mol of ammonium hydroxide and 0. 50 mol of ammonium chloride to make a buffer solution of 1 L. Calculate the pH of the resulting buffer s olution. Dissociation constant of ammonium hydroxide at 25oC is 1. 81 x 10-5. Answers 3. pH = 4. 80 4. 9. 161 20 Class XII Unit 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life 16. 4. 2. 1. ANTIOXIDANTS Antioxidants are one of the important and necessary food additives. These compounds retard the action of oxygen on food thus reducing its speed of decomposition by oxidation. Hence they help in the preservation of food.These act as sacrificial materials, i. e. these are more reactive towards oxygen than are the materials they are protecting. They also reduce the rate of involvement of free radicals in the aging process. Examples: The two most familiar antioxidants used are butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) (Figure 1). These phenolic compounds are added to preserve fats in packaged food. Oxygen reacts preferentially with BHA or BHT rather than oxidizing fats or oils, thereby protecting them from spoilage. The addition of BHA to butter increases its storage life from mo nths to years.Sometimes, BHT and BHA are added in combination with citric or ascorbic acids to produce a more active synergetic effect. Figure 1: Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) Sulphur dioxide and sulphites ( such as sodium sulphite, sodium bisulphite and sodium metabisulphite) are useful antioxidants for wine and beers, sugars syrups and cut, peeled or dried fruits and vegetables. They prevent or reduce their discoloration. 21 EXERCISE 1. Name one antioxidant commonly used to increase the storage life of butter. 2. Name one antioxidant used in wine and beers. 22a

Paul Watzlawick’s First Axiom Essay

Paul Watzlawick was an Austrian-born psychotherapist, psychoanalytic, sociologist and philosopher. He was best recognized for his venture in schizophrenia, as well as his communication theory regarding the five axioms. (Sack, Herald) His first axiom – â€Å"one cannot not communicate† – states that no matter how much a person tries not to communicate, there will some forms of communication going on. (Blanford, Roxanne) Watzlawick believed that every little behavior sends a message, regardless whether it’s intentional or otherwise. Therefore, all behavior has communicative value. When I first read about his theory, I honestly thought that it was unreasonable. Personally, I thought that sometimes unintentional actions do not mean that one is sending any form of communication. However, according to Kit Welchlin, a well-known public speaker, he states that â€Å"no matter what you say, or don’t say, people apply a meaning to it†. He gave an example of his observation on how the value of a co-worker from a marble factory was recognized by the messages that the manager sent through his actions. In addition, Eric Myers, founder and C. E. O. of Myers Business Diagnostics and Solutions LLC, said that people can make â€Å"judgment calls† to the non-verbal actions that the other is showing. â€Å"Words is only 7% of communication, body language 55%, and tone 38%†, Myers’ said at one of his talks. Another person who agreed to the theory is Dr. Amy Gaffney, an assistant professor from University of Kentucky. She believes that many people don’t always realize that anything that they do could â€Å"potentially be perceived as a form of communication†. She gave a simple example of how a student who’s nervously presenting in front would react to her â€Å"funny face† that she made because of the other noisy students behind her class. Besides the three influential speakers/researchers that I’ve mentioned above, there were also many other researchers whom have agreed at some point towards Watzlawick’s theory. So, I decided to conduct a personal experiment, with my brother as the subject of matter. I purposely picked him up late from his work place one day, and I observed his actions and behavior – which includes expressions, as he walked towards my car. I found out that although he did not mention that he was a bit irritated by my lateness, but his little fidgets and frowning of the eyebrows gave away. The findings of this experiment, combined with some additional researches, changed my perception towards Watzlawick’s theory. In short – I agree to Watzlawick’s First Axiom of â€Å"One Cannot Not Communicate†. Since every of our behavior may be perceived as a form of communication, there will be times where our behavior doesn’t actually convey the message that we want to convey. These are called â€Å"unintentional communication†. One very good example is when someone is deep in thought, and so happen the person’s eyes are facing your direction. You would start to wonder why the person is looking at you, but in actual fact, the person isn’t. A man who’s wearing a suit and drives a luxurious car doesn’t necessarily mean that he’s rich. But to the eyes of others, that person might be misperceived as rich. In a nutshell, Watzlawick’s theory of â€Å"One Cannot Not Communicate† is true, but to a certain extent, because not all behavior actually conveys the message that the person wants to convey.

Fake Blood Recipes for Stage or Screen